LoRA & PEFT in Production: Adapter Ops, Hot-Swapping, and the Fine-Tune Decision

Every team eventually asks "should we fine-tune?" — and the answer is "no" more often than the literature suggests. Production fine-tuning has operational costs (training pipeline, eval harness, adapter registry, serving complexity) that small wins do not amortize. Senior engineers running fine-tuned models in production are distinguished by knowing the three signals that genuinely point to fine-tune (consistent format/style requirements, tone/voice that prompts cannot pin, dramatic quality lift

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